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What is the difference between viscose, modal, and lyocell (Tencel) fabric?

All three are semi-synthetic cellulosic fibres made from plant pulp — but they differ in production process, properties, and sustainability profile:

FeatureViscose / RayonModalLyocell / Tencel
SourceWood pulp (various trees)Beech tree pulpEucalyptus wood pulp
ProductionOpen-loop chemical processModified viscose processClosed-loop — 99% solvent recycled
SoftnessSoftSofter than viscoseVery soft, silky
Wet strengthWeak when wet — tears easilyBetter than viscoseStrong when wet
Colour retentionGoodBetter than viscoseExcellent
Eco profileModerate — chemical-intensiveBetter than viscoseBest — closed-loop, low water
Wholesale priceLowestMidHighest

In Indian wholesale: Viscose/rayon dominates due to low cost. Modal is growing in premium kurti and loungewear. Lyocell/Tencel is a niche premium product found mainly in sustainable D2C brands.

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viscose modal lyocell tencel semi synthetic fabric eco fabric comparison

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